Word Meaning
बे-ए'तिदालियों
be-e'tidāliyoñ
Meaning
Through excesses, immoderations, or lack of restraint.
Detailed Meaning
The term refers to acts of excess, immoderation, or intemperance in conduct and emotion. In the quoted couplet by Ghalib, it signifies the reckless deviations from balance and self-restraint that diminish one's dignity and social esteem. By crossing limits, one's intrinsic worth is compromised despite outward increase.
Etymology
Compound of Persian negative prefix 'be-' (بے) and Arabic 'i'tidāl' (اعتدال, balance/moderation), with the Urdu plural suffix '-oñ' (وں).
Usage
In classical Urdu poetry, it is frequently employed to philosophically critique the loss of spiritual or social poise caused by unchecked desires and undisciplined passion.
Examples
Lost dignity through continuous excesses
Ruined by the immoderations of youth