फ़रहंग

Meaning

Intellect, wisdom, culture, and refined learning; also a lexicon or dictionary.

Detailed Meaning

In classical Persian and Urdu poetry, 'farhang' primarily denotes wisdom, intellect, culture, and deep learning, though in modern literary parlance it commonly refers to a dictionary or lexicon. In Iqbal's couplet, it represents high intellectual cultivation and scholarly civilization, juxtaposed against primal courage and the relentless spirit of quest.

Etymology

Persian (فرهنگ), from Middle Persian 'frahang' (education, culture, wisdom).

Usage

In philosophical and classical Urdu poetry, it is frequently coupled with 'dānish' to evoke the concept of intellectual and cultural refinement.

Examples

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Related Words