Word Meaning
देखीं
dekheen
Meaning
saw; witnessed; experienced (feminine plural).
Detailed Meaning
In this couplet, 'देखीं' functions as the past-tense feminine plural form of the verb 'देखना', agreeing grammatically with 'बेवफ़ाइयाँ' (infidelities) and 'बुराइयाँ' (flaws). It signifies not merely visual observation, but the poignant endurance and firsthand experience of the beloved's cruelty. Through this verb, the poet conveys an exhaustive familiarity with grief and disillusionment.
Etymology
Sanskrit 'दृश्' (dṛś) via Prakrit 'दिक्खइ' (dikkhaï) evolved into Hindustani 'देखना' (dekhnā).
Usage
In classical ghazal poetry, it frequently underscores the lover's painful confrontation with reality, cruelty, or the beloved's indifference.
Examples
We too have witnessed these coquetries of yours.
We have endured and seen all the bitter turns of time.