Word Meaning
जम्हूरी
jumhūrī
Meaning
Democratic or republican; pertaining to popular rule or the masses.
Detailed Meaning
Pertaining to democracy, republican governance, or the will of the populace. In Iqbal's verse, 'jumhūrī tamāshā' (democratic spectacle) critically characterizes modern Western parliamentary democracy as a superficial pretense. The poet argues that any political order—whether absolute monarchy or republicanism—turns predatory without an underlying spiritual and ethical foundation.
Etymology
Arabic, derived from 'jumhūr' (multitude, general public, republic) with the adjectival suffix '-ī'.
Usage
Common in modern and socio-political Urdu poetry, particularly in Iqbal's critiques of Western governance models.
Examples
the democratic spectacle of modern times
the reality of a republican system