जफ़ा-कश

Meaning

One who endures hardship; hardworking, industrious, or resilient against adversity.

Detailed Meaning

Composed of 'jafa' (hardship/oppression) and 'kash' (one who bears or pulls), the term denotes a person who patiently toils and perseveres through severe trials. In Iqbal's couplet, it specifically characterizes determined, industrious men who do not fear struggle, for whom the boundless world offers endless opportunity.

Etymology

Persian compound of Arabic 'jafā' (hardship, cruelty, toil) and Persian '-kash' (from 'kashīdan', to pull, draw, or endure).

Usage

In classical ghazals, it often praises the enduring resilience of the suffering lover or the dignified laborer who withstands adversity without despair.

Examples

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Related Words