चुकीं

Meaning

Finished, completed, or already happened (feminine plural auxiliary verb).

Detailed Meaning

In Urdu and Hindi grammar, 'chukīñ' functions as an auxiliary verb marking the completed or perfective aspect for a feminine plural subject. In Ghalib's couplet, it pairs with 'हो' to signify that every affliction and misfortune ('balā'eñ') has entirely run its course and exhausted itself. This establishes an atmosphere of absolute finality, leaving death as the only remaining event.

Etymology

Derived from the Hindustani root 'chuk-' (चुक- / چکـ), descending from Middle Indo-Aryan/Prakrit forms indicating exhaustion, completion, or departure.

Usage

In ghazal poetry, it is frequently combined with base verb stems to convey an irreversible conclusion or the total exhaustion of patience and suffering.

Examples

Synonyms

Related Words