गर्दिश

Meaning

Revolution, circulation, or the vicissitudes of fate and misfortune.

Detailed Meaning

Literally denoting rotation, turning, or revolution, 'gardish' poetically signifies the relentless churn of fate and suffering brought by the heavens. In Ghalib's couplet, it occurs as 'gardish-e-mudaam' (perpetual rotation/affliction), drawing a poignant contrast between fragile human emotion and wine cups that endure being constantly passed around. Thus, it conveys both physical circulation and emotional turmoil under enduring hardship.

Etymology

Persian گردش (gardish), derived from the verbal root گردیدن (gardīdan, 'to turn, revolve, wander').

Usage

In classical Urdu ghazal, 'gardish' frequently symbolizes either the cruel upheavals orchestrated by fate (gardish-e-dauraan) or the revolving of the cup in the wine gathering.

Examples

Synonyms

Related Words